Archivo de Iurispa · corte técnico 2026-09-12
Textos originales conservados para consulta y cotejo. Cada ficha identifica su procedencia y distingue el contenido histórico de una norma vigente.
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Tema: Contracts · Ver todas las guías
Panama's Civil Code gives a party facing a counterparty's breach a specific set of remedies: demanding performance, terminating the contract (resolution), and in either case, claiming damages that cover both the actual loss suffered and the profit that was lost. This guide walks through how Articles 985, 986 and 991 of the Civil Code work together, and the practical choice between performance and resolution.
Panama follows the civil-law tradition: most contracts are binding from the moment of consent, without requiring a notarized deed. This guide explains the three elements every enforceable contract needs, when written form and formal deeds become mandatory, how penalty clauses work under the Civil and Commercial Codes, and why arbitration is the default dispute-resolution choice in Panamanian commercial practice.
A sale and purchase agreement (contrato de compraventa) is the most common commercial contract in Panama, and one of the most frequently drafted poorly, because its basic consensual validity hides a set of formal requirements that only apply above certain thresholds or to certain asset types. This guide explains what the contract needs to say to actually protect both sides.
How to draft a Confidentiality Agreement (NDA) that protects your company in Panama: the essential clauses, the applicable legal framework (Law 81 of 2019, Civil Code, Criminal Code) and a basic reference template.