Archivo de Iurispa · corte técnico 2026-09-12
Textos originales conservados para consulta y cotejo. Cada ficha identifica su procedencia y distingue el contenido histórico de una norma vigente.
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Tema: Business Law · Ver todas las guías
What foreigners call a Panama business license is officially the Aviso de Operaciones: a sworn declaration, not a discretionary permit. What it costs, how the online filing works, what it connects you to, and how to keep it current.
Attachment (embargo) and seizure (secuestro) of assets are what convert a debt judgment into actual money. This guide explains how they work within Panama's executive process, what can be attached — bank accounts, wages, vehicles, real estate — when to request the measure, and why speed determines whether it's effective at all.
Panama's Civil Code gives a party facing a counterparty's breach a specific set of remedies: demanding performance, terminating the contract (resolution), and in either case, claiming damages that cover both the actual loss suffered and the profit that was lost. This guide walks through how Articles 985, 986 and 991 of the Civil Code work together, and the practical choice between performance and resolution.
Panama follows the civil-law tradition: most contracts are binding from the moment of consent, without requiring a notarized deed. This guide explains the three elements every enforceable contract needs, when written form and formal deeds become mandatory, how penalty clauses work under the Civil and Commercial Codes, and why arbitration is the default dispute-resolution choice in Panamanian commercial practice.
A sale and purchase agreement (contrato de compraventa) is the most common commercial contract in Panama, and one of the most frequently drafted poorly, because its basic consensual validity hides a set of formal requirements that only apply above certain thresholds or to certain asset types. This guide explains what the contract needs to say to actually protect both sides.
Trademark registration in Panama grants exclusive rights over a brand name or logo and turns it into a protectable corporate asset. The registration process with the Industrial Property Registry, and how a registered trademark supports licensing, franchising, and financing.
The Notice of Operations and trademark registration are the two pillars of a business's legal structuring in Panama: why it is advisable to process them together and what risks arise from postponing trademark protection.